What is unexpected, that is harmful. So, unexpected containments/harmful substances introducing into the environment causes it spoiling of natural balance and are called pollution. These unexpected/harmful substances are called pollutant. Pollutants can be natural or created by human activities. Pollutants can be any substance (Solid, Liquid or Gas) or any form of energy (Heat, Sound or radioactivity). Recent society is also concerned with some specific type of pollutions, such as noise pollutions, light pollutions, plastic Pollution, electromagnetic radiation etc. Pollution of any kinds has negative effects on the environment and wild life and often impacts human health. Pollution can be divided in three main categories and that is Air Pollution, Water Pollution, and Land Pollutions.
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| Man Made Air Pollution |
Pollution causes by nature is called
natural pollution, this means, results from naturally occurring phenomena and
not made by human activities. What’s more, these sources of pollution are
subjected to natural cycle, being more common under certain conditions and less
common under others. Being part of Earth’s natural climatic variations also
means that they are sustainable over long periods of time.
When volcanoes erupt, they eject volcanic ash and gasses into the
atmosphere. Volcanic ash can discolour the sky for several days. Volcanic gases
as Sulphur Dioxide can kill nearby
inhabitants and make the soil infertile for several years. Toxic cloud can be
developed due to ejection of volcanic gases and can spread surrounding areas.
It can killed bird and other organisms in the affected area.
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| Pollution caused by Nature |
Pollution
due to Human Activities:
Far the greatest contribution to pollution
today is those that are result of human impact- i.e. man-made causes. These are largely the result of human reliance on
fossil fuel and heavy industries and can also be due to accumulation of waste,
modern agriculture, and other man-made process.
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| Pollution due to Human Activities |
It is already discussed that “what is
unexpected, that is harmful”, so unexpected contaminants present in the air is called Air Pollution. Air pollutions are
a mix of particles and gases that can causes harmful to the human health and
other leaving being or causes damages to the climate or to materials. Carbon
Dioxide, Carbon Mono Oxide, Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, Methane, smoke,
soot is some example of common pollutants that causes air pollution. Air
pollution causes diseases, allergies and even death of humans or other living
things.
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| Air Pollution |
1) Man-made Causes- a. It is mostly related to fossil fuel burning,
b.
Mobile sources- motor car, marine vessels, air craft,
c.
Controlled burning practice in agricultural and forest management,
d.
Fumes from painting, varnishing,
e.
Land filling which generate land methane,
f.
Military Activities- Nuclear Weapons, Germ Warfare, toxic Gases,
g.
Fertilizers used in farming produce Nitrogen Oxide etc.
2) Natural Sources- a. Dust Strom due to natural sources,
b. Methane
emitted by digestion by living being,
c. Radioactive
elements decomposition within earth layer,
d. Natural wild
fire,
e. Volcanic
eruption- mainly so2 gas,
f. Vegetation
in some region- emitting NOx and SO2 gases.
Water Pollutions:
Mixing of toxic/harmful contaminants in
the water is called Water pollution. It
is occur when toxic/harmful elements contaminate into the water due to human
activities of by other means of natural activities in some cases. Toxic/harmful
contaminants may be big garbage to invisible chemical, microorganisms deposited
into the ponds, lakes, river, ground water, streams and even in big oceans. Water
pollution may also include the release of energy in the form of radioactivity
or heat into the water body. Water pollution may lead to freshwater crisis,
threatening the sources we drink water or other critical needs or disease and death
of living beings.
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| Water Pollution |
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| Water Pollution by Municipal Discharge |
Causes of Water Pollution:
1) Man-made Causes- a. Toxic substance form farming,
b.
Untreated sewerage from Towns, and,
c.
Wastewater from industries,
d.
Drips of Oil from Ships and tankers while travelling,
e.
Uncontrolled disposal of Radioactive substance from power plant, military,
universities, research and medicines,
f.
Mining can increases minerals and salts in the water and can effect pH of
water,
g.
Fertilizers used in farming produce Nitrogen Oxide etc,
h.
Plastic material/waste disposal- slow degradable, releasing harmful compounds,
i.
Thermal pollution, it decreases Dissolved Oxygen Level,
j.
Accidental water pollution can arise from many sources such as burst of oil
pipe line, tanks etc.
2) Natural Sources- a. Volcanic eruption into the sea- mainly so2 gas,
b. Methane
emitted by digestion by living being,
c. Radioactive
elements decomposition within earth layer,
d. Algae
formation causes toxicity of water,
e. Floods are major
causes of water pollution by carrying unexpected material to the lake, river,
small water bodies etc.
Land
Pollution:
Mixing of toxic/harmful
contaminants in the earth land surface is called land pollution or Land
pollution means deterioration of earth’s land surface due to directly or
indirectly effects of human activities.
It is began from very
beginning of human civilisation and at present it is a global issue and need
immediate attention to fixed it immediately. It threatens public health or
other leaving beings in the earth.
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| Land Pollution |
There are so many causes which
contributes land pollutions and the substance pollute land may be man-made or
natural sources.
1) Man-made Causes- a. Deforestation- it leads to loose of vegetation cover and
accelerate to land
b. Urbanisation- Leads to artificialisation of soil which is a cause of carbon depletion which contribute climate changes,
c.
Mining- it leaves waste in the form of spoil tips which contain wide variety of
toxic substance and mix into the ground,
d.
Industries- often produces quantities of undesirable waste and they causes
significant land pollution,
e.
Household waste- we produce a vast quantity of waste which disposal lead to
land pollution,
f.
Agricultural activities using pesticides and herbicides and producing nitrogen
and phosphate are one of the major source of land pollution,
g.
Uncontrolled nuclear and related waste disposal is a cause of land pollution.
1) Natural Sources- a. Volcanic eruption- mainly erupted fly ash pollute land,
b. Acid rain is
harmful for eco system,
c. Radioactive
elements decomposition within land areas,
d. Floods are
major causes of land pollution by carrying unexpected material to the land
surface etc.
Effect of Pollution:
Look at any natural system- Air, Water or
Land. There should be several contaminants. In present time, stream full of
toxic chemicals from industries, river overloaded with nutrients from farms,
trash bowling away from land fill, cities skies covered in smog.
Pollutions can muddy landscape, poisonous
soil or water ways which can kill plants and animal. Human are also are
regularly harmed by pollution and it lead to lung cancer and other disease.
Air
pollution causes a number of environmental effects and in addition it effects
on human and wild life.
Water
pollution is serious threats to human, wild life and aquatic life depending on
which chemical are being dumped in water bodies.
Land
and soil pollution has great effect on human, wild life, micro-organisms and
aquatic life. Polluted land and soil can causes various problems on the skin,
respiratory and even different kinds of cancer.
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| Effect of Pollution |
It is our responsibility to protect the
environment by doing something about it. It is long term task required planning,
effective governmental policies, public awareness and industrial participation
to reduce pollutions. We can reduce the amount of pollutions and can increase
quality of living by decreasing waste, implementing recycle policies, banning dangerous
agricultural chemical and developing safe renewable energy strategies.
Everyone is entitled to clean air to
breadth, safe water to drink, clean public land to live. If you have any idea
to protect our environment from pollutions, please drop a comment and share
your thought by mailing to abcenvirosolutions@gmail.com.
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| Prevention of Pollution by Recycling |
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| Renewable energy |
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