Wastewater Treatment | 100% Free Idea | ABC Enviro Solutions.

The main objective of Wastewater Treatment is to get purity of Water after treatment as per standard norms.

Introduction:

The main objective of this topic is to treat wastewater by removing contaminants and convert it to usable condition and to send it to recycle process without impacting of nature/environments. In the case of domestic wastewater treatment is called sewerage water treatment and the plant treating it is called Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP). The treatment process flowed in in wastewater treatment plants are also called water recovery facilities.

The main target of sewerage treatment plant is to break pollutants by Active Biomass/Active Sludge to separate water from pollutants.  The main by-product of STP is Sewage Sludge and Biogas. Sewage sludge is treating in another plant to produce cake by removing water from it and can be used as manure. Biogas can be burnt in air.

Systematic Diagram of a Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Process to Follow:

The main objective of wastewater treatment is to get purity of Treated Water and to achieve this, somebody have to follow some treatment process step by step. We can describe first step as Primary/physical treatment and second as Biological Treatment. 

Primary/Physical Treatment (Screening):

Primary/physical process of Wastewater Treatment involves screening  and for this screens are provided in the system to barricade entry of large ingredients (dirt/Grits) to remove from the system. Collection/screening of large ingredients may be done by both the manual or electromechanical process for both the small and big plants. Now a days a wide range of segregation system are available in the market to segregate solid wastes and  sent to Solid Waste handling/Management system for recycling.

A Typical Wastewater Treatment Plant

Sedimentation:

Solids like sand/stone grits may be removed by gravity from the wastewater. To do this a density difference should be create by turbulence in the wastewater carrying channel to the wastewater treatment plant . This can achieve by controlling flow of wastewater in the channel. Comparatively heavier substance deposited and lighter substance over flow to the next stage. This is called gravity separation. For this a primary tank may be used. In the primary tank substance heavier than water will deposited into the bottom of the tank and will be collect by means of physically or by electromechanical means.

Separation 

Oil & Grease Separation:

In the next step after sedimentation, Oil & Grease removal process will come in existence. Other than, Oil & Grease will effect secondary treatment process, Oil & grease are lighter than water and will float just top of the water. Oil and grease tank of several design are used for this purpose. Oil & Grease can be separate by Oil Skimmer or by simply syphoning process for the water and send to recycle process.

Collection:

After primary treatment, wastewater water than collected in a chamber where partial aeration system will arrange to mix and increase DO (Dissolved Oxygen) in the wastewater and to oxidized some impurities.

Secondary Treatment:

Secondary Treatment is the most important stage of wastewater treatment processes.

Biological Treatment: The most important and widely used process to treat Wastewater, sewerage is active sludge process (ASP) generally known as Biological treat process. The main objective of this treatment level is to remove organic load present in it. Aeration system are arrange and some specially designed media added into the tank for random growth of Active Biomass which will reduce organic load present in the waste water.

A Typical Aeration Tank to develop Active Sludge

Oxidation: Oxidation reduces biochemical oxygen demand of wastewater and to reduce toxicity of some impurities by converting organic compound to carbon dioxide, water and bio-solids.

Biochemical Oxidation: To break dissolved and colloidal organic compound, Biochemical oxidation is widely used and is mostly applicable in some agricultural and industrial wastewater treatment process.

Chemical Oxidation: Used to remove persistent organic compound which is remain after biochemical oxidation process.

pH Adjustment: Coagulants are used to adjust pH which is not adjusted by the above treatment process. Here is also removed some impurities present in the waste water.   These treatments may also be used independently for some industrial wastewater. 

Tertiary Treatment:

Pressure Sand Filtration and Activated Carbon filtration are used to removes remaining part of impurities by chemical absorption. This process is widely used for municipal wastewater treatment. Sand and carbon filtration are used to remove suspended solids and pathogens not destroyed by the clarification process on secondary treatment stage. Sand and carbon filtration are equipped with automated backwash system in order to keep a high level of efficiency.

Atypical Filtration System.

Disinfection: Disinfection is the final step of wastewater treatment process and involves eliminating most of the pathogenic microorganism. Several kind of disinfectants and system are used for disinfection of treated water and for final polishing.

A Typical Disinfection System.

Types of Wastewater Treatment Plants: 

Wastewater treatment plants may be Classified by the type of wastewater to be treated, i.e. whether it is sewage, industrial wastewater, agricultural wastewater and leachate.

Sewage treatment plants:

A typical municipal/Colony sewage treatment plant include primary treatment to remove solid material, Secondary Treatment to remove dissolved and suspended organic material flowed a chemical treatment system to eliminate inorganic impurities. Tertiary and disinfection system are applied for final polishing of the treated water. The by-product of sewage treatment plants undergoes sludge treatment process.   

Industrial wastewater treatment plants: 

Disposal of wastewaters from an industrial plant is a difficult and costly problem. Most Petroleum Refineries Chemical factories etc. have their onsite facilities/specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the local/national regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into community treatment plants or into rivers, lakes or oceans. Industrial wastewater treatment plants are required where centralized wastewater treatment facilities are not available cannot treat specific industrial wastewater.    

Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Agricultural wastewater treatment plants: 

Agricultural wastewater treatment plant are applied where animal operations like milk and egg production are performed and wastewater should be treat in a plants using mechanized treatment units similar to those described under industrial wastewater.

Agricultural Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Leachate treatment plants: 

Leachate treatment plants are used to treat leachate from landfills. Treatment options include- biological treatment, mechanical treatment like ultrafiltration, treatment with Activated Carbon Filters, electrochemical treatment including electrocoagulation by various proprietary technologies and reverse osmosis System.

A Typical Leachate Treatment System.

Regulation/Conclusion:

Some standard/directive as mentioned in local or national standard should be follow for both treatment and disposal of wastewater in the municipality drain. The treatment end product should confirm environmental norms. The directive to the environmental standards set in the standard which is designed to protect all legitimate end uses of the receiving environment.

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