"Water" is the name of the liquid state
of combined 2 atoms of Hydrogen and 1 atom of Oxygen (H2O)
at standard ambient temperature and pressure. Water is an organic compound of
Hydrogen and Oxygen and transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly
colorless chemical substance. It is the main fluid of all kind of living
organisms. Its chemical formula is H2O.
It is vital for all known forms of life, even though it is not provide calories
or organic nutrients. In room temperature, it is liquid. Whatever, water has three states- liquid, solid and gaseous.
It forms precipitation in the form of rain and fog. Clouds are formed from tiny
droplets of water and ice. When it fine, crystalline ice may precipitate in the
form of snow. The gaseous state of water is called steam or water vapor.
 |
Water
|
Water continuously moves from sea to land by evaporation,
transpiration, condensation, precipitation and runoff finally to the sea.
 |
| Water Cycle |
Water covers 71% of the earth surface and present
mostly in the seas and oceans. Small portions of water are present in the form
of ground water and in air as vapor, clouds, mists, fogs etc.
ORIGIN OF WATER:
The origin of water in the earth is subjected to research in the
field of planetary science, astronomy and astrobiology. One of the opinion, from
the very beginning i.e. from the origination of planetary in the solar system
along with earth, bombarding of asteroids continued and it is said to be water may
has been delivered from any of the icy asteroids to the earth. In recent research
indicates that hydrogen inside the earth plays an important role to form water
and ocean. It is not present from the very beginning of the earth and later it
has come in existence.
Water is known to exist in three different states: Solid, Liquid and gaseous state.
Solid State Liquid State Gaseous State
Snow, Ice. Water, Rain. Steam, Vapor.
 |
States of Water
|
In normal temperature it's remain in liquid state, called water- rain is liquid state of water. When it reach 0°C, water freeze and become in solid state- ice, snow are in solid state of water. When water reaches 100°C, it's boil and some of water terns into steam- vapor, steam are gaseous state of water.
Clouds, snow, and rain are all some form of water. A cloud is tiny
water droplets and/or ice crystals, a snow flake is an aggregate of many ice
crystals, and rain is just liquid water.
Water existing as a gas state is called water vapors. If we
refer to the moisture in the air, we are actually referring to the water vapors.
If the air is described as "moist", that means the air contains large
amounts of water vapors.
DENSITY:
In practical terms, "Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance". Therefor, the
density of water is the weight occupies per specific volume and it's roughly 1 gm per cubic millimeter, but, this change with
temperature or if there are impurities dissolved in it.
Actually,
the exact density of water is not really
1 g/ml, but rather a bit less (very, very little less), at 0.9998395 g/ml at
4.0° Celsius (39.2°
Fahrenheit). The rounded value of 1 g/ml is what you'll most often consider.
HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN BONDING OF WATER:
The attractive force between water molecules
(Hydrogen and Oxygen) is a dipole interaction. The hydrogen atoms are
bound to the highly electronegative oxygen atom (which also possesses two lone
pair sets of electrons, making for a very polar bond. The partially
positive hydrogen atom of one molecule is then attracted to the oxygen atom of
a nearby water molecule.
 |
| Hydrogen and Oxygen bonding of water |
The
hydrogen creates bonding in water leads to some unusual, but very important
properties. Most molecular compounds that have a mass similar to water
are gases at room temperature but due to strong hydrogen bonds, water molecules
are able to stay condensed in the liquid state. In the below figure state
that the bent shape and two hydrogen atoms per molecule allows each water
molecule to be able to hydrogen bond to two other molecules.
 |
Inter Molecular Hydrogen Bonding.
|
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF WATER:
Pure water is not of a good conductor of electricity. But, in present of some "Total Dissolved Solids" (TDS) into the pure water make it dissolution and make it conductor of electricity and directly depends on TDS i.e. more TDS, more electrical conductivity and less TDS, less electrical Conductivity. Also the electrical
conductivity of the water depends on the water temperature: the higher the
temperature, the higher the electrical conductivity would be.
 |
EC with TDS relation.
|
FRESHWATERFresh water is that water which is not salty. At instant, water found in lakes, streams, and rivers, but not the ocean is refers as "freshwater". Only 3% of total water available on earth are usable i.e. Freshwater. Due to it's TDS, it is salty. An estimated of fresh water 69% are stored in glaciers as permanent snow, 30% as ground water and remaining 1% in lake, river and at the atmosphere.
 |
Fresh Water.
|
EFFECT ON LIFE:
It is already stated that "water is the main fluid of all kind of living organisms". It is a vital substance of all form of life though, it is not a source of calorie or organic nutrient. Water is fundamental substance of photosynthesis and respiration. In presence of sun ray, photosynthetic cell split hydrogen from water's oxygen and combined with carbon dioxide to produce glucose and release oxygen and oxygen is the main element for respiration. All living organism use this glucose as fuel to produce body energy.
WATER EFFECT ON HUMAN CIVILISATION:
There would be no human civilization without water. From the very beginning (Nomadic), human use water environment for fishing as hunting to collect food. In the sedentary, they learn irrigation in bank of river, they dig well and made levees to protect irrigation fields. In the next time, they made water mill and drainage system for their needs. Due to these well managed society and civilization come in existence in the past, as an example- Indus Valley Civilizations along the bank of Indus River and Egyptian civilizations in the bank of River Nile etc.
 |
Ancient Civilization.
|
For the time being, people become more civilized and invented more modern, mechanized system to use water resources in 21st century. Side by side, the create so many problems with the environment and ward
"Water Pollutions come in existence".Presence of Unexpected substance in the nature causes pollution. Water pollutions happens when unexpected substance enter into the water body like Ponds, River, Lakes, Seas, Oceans and so on and laying suspended into the water or depositing on the bed and this usually happen due to human activities. Water Pollution is one of a ecological treat in the 21st century.
 |
Water Pollution.
|
USES OF WATER IN RECREATION OF MODERN CIVILISATION:
Use of water in recreation of modern civilization refers to rivers, lakes
and coastal waters that are used for recreational purposes. People use
recreational water for all manner of activities, including swimming, surfing,
white water sports, diving, boating and fishing. People also place cultural and
aesthetic value on clean waterways.
 |
Water Recreation in a bank of River.
|
CONCLUSIONS:
Water security has always been an essential
element while assessing the development of a civilization. With the use of
modern irrigation technology and infrastructure, the importance of water has
been largely down-played in recent history. Now a days, water pollution is a great factor and we have to look after it safety.
This is dummy text. It is not meant to be read. Accordingly, it is difficult to figure out when to end it. But then, this is dummy text. It is not meant to be read. Period.
If you have you any doubt, please let know me. ConversionConversion EmoticonEmoticon