The aim of
this topic is to discuss about “Laundry Effluent Treatment” through
environmental friendly process and treatment flowing local and national Pollution Control Board guide
line. Before proceed to this we have to sufficient knowledge about Chemical and Physical
properties of the laundry effluent by which we can adopt/find accurate treatment process.
Introduction:
People has not
sufficient knowledge and information about Laundry Effluent to evaluate it
issues of the chemical risk and its effects on receiving, discharge of it into
water bodies, in inland surface or into the municipal drain. Before proceeding, we have to characterize
laundry effluent, because washing technology is not the same and varies place
to place, nation to nation. The application of the treatment technique will be depends
upon various factors like the type of the fabric, the amount of soiling, type
of stain, chemical used, the use of solvent for dry-cleaning
etc. In general a commercial laundry is wildly used
detergent, soap, soda and other cleaning agents for removal of stain, oil and
dirt from the cloths. Therefore,
surfactants are the major ingredient of laundry effluent and thus a
special care should be taken to treat and disposal of it.
We can characterize the Laundry Effluent on the basis of different
data analysis/JAR test. We can determined that Laundry Effluent has main two
Characteristics and that is Chemical and physical properties.
Chemical properties:
Chemically, wastewater is composed of organic and inorganic compounds as well as various gases. Organic components may consist of greases, surfactants, oils, pesticides, phenols, etc. It is already discussed that in general a commercial laundry is used detergent, soap, soda and other cleaning agents for removal of stain, oil and dirt from the cloths. Therefore, surfactants are the major ingredient of laundry effluent. The commercial laundries contains Fats, oils and greases (FOG) as well as total suspended solids (TSS), which are the major impurities of concern.
Chemically, wastewater is composed of organic and inorganic compounds as well as various gases. Organic components may consist of greases, surfactants, oils, pesticides, phenols, etc. It is already discussed that in general a commercial laundry is used detergent, soap, soda and other cleaning agents for removal of stain, oil and dirt from the cloths. Therefore, surfactants are the major ingredient of laundry effluent. The commercial laundries contains Fats, oils and greases (FOG) as well as total suspended solids (TSS), which are the major impurities of concern.
In several analyses
are performed to characterize wastewater vary from precise quantitative
chemical determinations to the more qualitative “biological and physical
determination”
pH- 6 to 9, TSS-
100-200mg/l,
BOD- 250-
300 mg/l, COD- 400-600
mg/l,
DO- 0.5- 1.2
mg/l, Turbidity-
40-150 mg/l,
Oil &
Grease- up to 30 mg/l,
Other than
this, some heavy metal is present in the laundry effluent that is mentioned
below.
Hardness-
100 mg/l, Fe- 0.01-
0.06 mg/l,
Cu- 0.01-
0.05 mg/l, Mg- very less.
Physical Properties:
Physically, laundry
effluent is usually characterized by-
Colour- Grey
Odour- Musty,
The Basic Objectives:
An attempt is made in this topic as the origin,
characteristics and the most effective and economical treatment methodology for
laundry effluent. The basic objective of the present investigation is to find
proper treatment method and it disposal to the municipal drain or to other means.
Treatments:
There are
several types of treatment process to treat Laundry Effluent, but on the point
of cost, reliability, treatability, here we will mention only two or three methods.
- Sedimentation, Coagulation, Flocculation and Filtration Methods,
- Ozonation Methods,
- Ultrafiltration
In the first cases: Solids like
sand/stone, fabrics, grits and other small floating particles will settle at
the bottom of the primary tank flowed by
Oil & Grease removal. Sediments and O & G will be removed by manual or
some other means periodically. After primary treatments, flocculants are dosed (as per characteristic of the effluents, type of flocculant and it strength will be choose) for pH correction. Flocculants are added in a specially designed tank where effluent and flocculants will be mix for flocks generation and mixing and flocculation arrangement will be done here. A supernatant water will be get after settlement of flocks at the other thank called
In the second method: (Ozonation method) Ozone is used in Laundry Effluent for treatment. In
this system O3 molecule are used to oxidise pollutants present in the effluent
and reduce BOD, COD. Treatment by this process water can be recycled for non-portable
applications like flushing, gardening, washing & cooling tower make up
water etc. If anybody wish to use it in laundry again then they have treat by other
methods like U.F. & RO etc.
In the third cases: Ultrafiltration (UF) is a pressure-driven barrier to suspended solids, bacteria, viruses, endotoxins and other pathogens to produce water with very high purity and low silt density. Ultrafiltration (UF) is a variety of membrane filtration system in which hydrostatic pressure forces in laundry effluent against a semi permeable membrane. The process is cost effective and a chance of chocked of membrane.
Conclusion:
Some standard/directive as
mentioned in local or national standard should be follow for both treatment and
disposal of wastewater in the municipality drain. The treatment end product
should confirm environmental norms. The directive to the environmental
standards set in the standard which is designed to protect all legitimate end
uses of the receiving environment.
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| A typical Laundry Treatment Plant. |
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